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What is Reinforcement in ABA?

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Summary

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In ABA, reinforcement is a way to make a behavior more likely to happen again in the future. It happens when something good (positive reinforcement) or something bad (negative reinforcement) is added or taken away after a behavior occurs. Reinforcement is important for teaching new skills and improving behaviors in different settings, like schools and homes.

Frequently Asked Question

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Why is reinforcement important in ABA?

Reinforcement is important in ABA because it can help to increase desired behaviors, teach new skills, and reduce problem behaviors in individuals with a variety of needs and abilities.

How do you choose the right reinforcement for a particular behavior?

When choosing a reinforcement, it is important to consider the individual’s interests and preferences, as well as the context in which the behavior occurs. Good reinforcement should be something that is meaningful to the individual and can be delivered in a timely manner.

Is reinforcement the same as bribery?

No, reinforcement in ABA is not the same as bribery. Bribery involves offering a reward before a behavior occurs as an attempt to persuade someone to do something they might not otherwise want to do. In contrast, reinforcement in ABA involves delivering a reward after a behavior has occurred to increase the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future. The main difference is the timing of the reward: bribery is used to persuade someone to do something, while reinforcement is used to reinforce and increase behavior that has already occurred.

Scientific Definition

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In Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), reinforcement is a way to increase the likelihood that a behavior will happen again in the future. Reinforcement happens after a behavior occurs and makes that behavior more likely to happen again. For example, if a child gets a treat for cleaning their room, they are being reinforced for that behavior and are more likely to clean their room in the future. There are two kinds of reinforcement: positive and negative reinforcement. When something is added to the situation after a behavior occurs, it increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. Meanwhile, negative reinforcement occurs when something is taken away fromย a situation after a behavior occurs to increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. Reinforcement can be used to teach new techniques or skills, increase desired behaviors, and decrease problem behaviors. It is an essential tool in ABA and can be used in many different settings, such as schools, homes, and clinics.

Video Explanation

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Real World Example of Reinforcement

Meet Susie, a creative and curious girl who loves drawing and exploring new things. Let’s see how reinforcement can help Susie learn and grow:

  • Susie’s parents noticed her talent for drawing and wanted to encourage her artistic abilities. They decided to implement positive reinforcement by displaying her artwork on the fridge and praising her for her creativity.
  • To reinforce Susie’s good behavior of completing her homework on time, her parents created a reward system. Each time she finished her assignments promptly, she earned points that could be redeemed for special art supplies.
  • Susie’s parents also utilized negative reinforcement to help her establish a routine for practicing her drawing skills. They set a timer for 30 minutes and informed Susie that once the timer went off, she could take a break from practicing.
  • Whenever Susie demonstrated kindness towards her friends or siblings, her parents acknowledged her behavior with words of appreciation and small surprises, reinforcing her positive social skills.

Through the power of reinforcement, Susie’s passion for drawing blossomed, her homework habits improved, and her kindness towards others grew. Reinforcement helped her become more confident in her abilities and motivated her to continue pursuing her artistic endeavors.

How Does Reinforcement Work?

Reinforcement plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and promoting positive actions. Here’s a quick overview of how reinforcement works and some practical examples:

  • Positive reinforcement: Adding something desirable after a behavior to increase its likelihood.
    • Example: Praising a child for completing their homework promptly, which encourages them to repeat the behavior.
    • Example: Giving a sticker to a student for participating in class discussions, reinforcing their engagement.
  • Negative reinforcement: Removing something aversive after a behavior to increase its likelihood.
    • Example: Allowing a teenager to skip chores if they consistently maintain good grades, reinforcing their academic performance.
    • Example: Turning off an alarm once you wake up early, increasing the chances of waking up promptly in the future.
  • Reinforcement for skill acquisition: Using reinforcement to teach new techniques or skills.
    • Example: Providing a small reward for a child who successfully ties their shoelaces, facilitating the learning process.
    • Example: Applauding a student for correctly solving a math problem, motivating them to continue practicing their math skills.
  • Reinforcement for behavior reduction: Utilizing reinforcement to decrease problem behaviors.
    • Example: Offering a preferred activity as a reward for completing homework before engaging in video games, discouraging procrastination.
    • Example: Providing verbal praise to a child for using polite language instead of throwing a tantrum, reinforcing positive communication.

By understanding how reinforcement works and applying it effectively, parents can create an environment that fosters positive behavior and skill development in their children. Goally’s tablet offers interactive apps for kids to develop life and language skills. With digital schedules, AAC, gamified learning, and skill training videos, Goally supports positive behavior and fosters independence.

 

This post was originally published on Feb. 14, 2023. It was updated on July 20, 2023.