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What is Common Disease-Common Variant Hypothesis?

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Summary

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The common disease-common variant hypothesis suggests that common diseases, like autism or ADHD, are caused by a large number of gene variants that are relatively common in the population. Some of these variants can make a person more likely to develop certain conditions.

Frequently Asked Question

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How can it impact a child's learning?

Shared genetic variations can influence how a child processes information or handles emotions.

Are these genetic variations common?

Yes, many people have these gene variations, making them quite prevalent in the population.

How can tools like visual schedules help kids impacted by this hypothesis?

Visual schedules provide structured routines, aiding kids in navigating challenges stemming from these genetic variations.

Scientific Definition

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The common disease-common variant (CDCV) hypothesis posits that the genetic factors contributing to common diseases are attributable to a relatively large number of alleles that are prevalent in the population. According to this hypothesis, some of these variants confer susceptibility to complex polygenic diseases. The CDCV hypothesis, first proposed in the 1990s, has been extensively tested through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have provided valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders and potential shared pathways that may contribute to similar conditions.

 

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Real World Example of Common Disease-Common Variant Hypothesis

Meet Liam, a bright 8-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Liam’s parents have always wondered about the underlying causes of his condition. After learning about the common disease-common variant hypothesis, they gained a new perspective on ASD:

  • Genetic factors: Liam’s ASD may be influenced by a combination of common gene variants, rather than a single rare mutation.
  • Complex interplay: These variants likely interact with each other and environmental factors to contribute to Liam’s unique strengths and challenges.
  • Shared pathways: Some of the gene variants associated with ASD may also be linked to other neurodevelopmental conditions, explaining why certain traits can overlap.

Understanding the CDCV hypothesis helps Liam’s parents appreciate the complex nature of ASD and empowers them to focus on supporting their son’s individual needs.

How Does Common Disease-Common Variant Hypothesis Work?

The common disease-common variant hypothesis is used to:

  • Guide research: It helps researchers design studies to identify common gene variants associated with complex conditions.
  • Explain genetic risk: The hypothesis suggests that an individual’s risk for a common disease is influenced by the cumulative effect of multiple common gene variants.
  • Inform treatment: Understanding the shared genetic pathways involved in related conditions can lead to the development of targeted therapies.
Application Example
Genetic testing Analyzing common variants to assess risk
Precision medicine Tailoring treatments based on genetic profile

By shedding light on the complex genetic architecture of common diseases, the CDCV hypothesis paves the way for more personalized approaches to diagnosis and intervention.

 

This post was originally published on August 19, 2023. It was updated on May 9, 2024.