What is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy?

Summary

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a short-term treatment that helps kids ages 2-7 learn to control frustration. Therapists coach parents in play therapy and behavior skills to improve the parent-child relationship.

Frequently Asked Questions
Science Person Definition
Real World Example of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
How Does Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Work?
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Frequently Asked Question

What age group is PCIT appropriate for?

PCIT is typically used for children between the ages of 2 and 7 who have behavioral or emotional problems.

How long does PCIT usually take?

PCIT usually involves 12 to 20 sessions, each lasting around one hour, with the frequency of sessions decreasing over time.

How is PCIT different from other forms of therapy?

PCIT is unique in that it focuses on the interaction between parent and child and teaches parents specific skills to improve their child’s behavior. It also involves coaching in real-time, where the therapist observes the parent and child together and provides feedback and guidance.

Scientific Definition

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based treatment for young children with emotional and behavioral disorders that places emphasis on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and changing parent-child interaction patterns. PCIT is conducted through two treatment phases: Child-Directed Interaction (CDI), which resembles traditional play therapy, and Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI), which resembles clinical behavior therapy. During these phases, therapists coach parents in real-time, teaching relationship enhancement and behavior management skills.

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Real World Example of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy

Six-year-old Liam struggles with tantrums and defiance. His parents feel helpless. They start PCIT with a therapist named Sarah. Here’s how it works:

Child-Directed Interaction (CDI): Sarah coaches Liam’s mom through a one-way mirror as she plays with Liam. Mom learns to praise Liam’s positive behaviors and ignore minor misbehavior. This strengthens their bond.
Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI): Sarah teaches Liam’s dad to give clear, direct commands. When Liam listens, Dad praises him enthusiastically. When Liam disobeys, Dad follows through with consistent consequences, staying calm and confident. Over time, Liam’s behavior improves dramatically.

Liam’s family completes PCIT feeling empowered with new skills. Tantrums are rare now. Their home feels more peaceful and connected.

How Does Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Work?

PCIT therapists coach parents in real-time as they interact with their child. The two phases teach distinct yet complementary skills:

CDI builds a warm, responsive parent-child relationship through positive attention and active listening.
PDI teaches effective, consistent discipline strategies to reduce problematic behaviors.

CDI Skills	PDI Skills
Praise	Direct commands
Reflection	Consistent consequences
Imitation	Follow-through
Description	Positive opposites

Parents practice these skills in session and at home. With coaching and experience, they gain confidence in managing their child’s behavior. The result is a stronger, more positive family dynamic.