Executive function helps kids manage tasks, stay focused, and regulate emotions. Strengthening these skills can improve daily life, especially for neurodivergent kids. Simple strategies like routines, visual aids, and engaging activities can make a big difference in their growth.
- Break tasks into smaller steps to improve focus and completion.
- Use visual schedules and timers to support time management.
- Encourage memory and problem-solving games to build cognitive flexibility.
- Reinforce progress with positive encouragement and structured routines.
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Step 1: Establish a Routine
A predictable routine is the foundation for building executive function. Routines provide structure, which helps kids know what to expect and when to do it. When kids understand the flow of their day, they’re less likely to get overwhelmed or distracted. It’s like laying out a clear path for them to follow.
For instance, creating a morning routine where your child knows exactly what to do—brush teeth, get dressed, eat breakfast—without being reminded helps reinforce their memory and task management skills. Over time, they’ll start to remember the steps themselves, boosting their independence. A consistent routine also gives neurodivergent kids, who often thrive on predictability, the stability they need.
Tips to Create a Routine:
- Start with a morning and bedtime routine.
- Use visual schedules with pictures for younger kids.
- Involve your child in creating the routine to give them a sense of control.
- Stick to the routine, but be flexible when needed.
Read more: Executive Function Test for Kids
Step 2: Break Down Tasks Into Small Steps
Sometimes, kids get overwhelmed because they see a task as too big. That’s where breaking it into smaller, more manageable pieces comes in. Instead of asking your child to clean their entire room, start by asking them to pick up toys. Once that’s done, they can move on to the next small task, like putting away clothes. Tackling tasks one step at a time helps reduce frustration and teaches them to approach challenges systematically.
For neurodivergent kids, particularly those with ADHD or autism, breaking down tasks is crucial. They may struggle with organizing thoughts and actions. By focusing on one thing at a time, you’re guiding them to complete tasks successfully and building their executive function without the added pressure of multitasking.
Step 3: Use Visual Aids
Kids process information in different ways, and for many, visuals work better than verbal instructions alone. Visual aids, like schedules, charts, or even sticky notes, can help kids keep track of tasks, stay organized, and manage their time better. I’ve found that neurodivergent kids, in particular, respond well to these tools because they give concrete, easy-to-understand reminders of what needs to be done.
For example, you can create a visual checklist for morning routines or a daily planner that includes school assignments and chores. Seeing their progress throughout the day helps build self-confidence and enhances their ability to stay on task.
Step 4: Play Games That Build Executive Function
Yes, you can play your way to better executive function! Games that encourage memory, problem-solving, and attention can significantly improve your child’s cognitive abilities. Simple games like Simon Says, Memory Match, or board games like Connect 4 engage multiple executive function skills, such as working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control.
What’s great about using games is that they make learning fun and stress-free. For kids with ADHD or autism, these games can help them strengthen critical executive function skills without it feeling like work. Plus, you can bond with your child while they play, reinforcing positive behaviors and offering encouragement when they successfully use these skills.
Recommended Games for Executive Function:
- Simon Says (for improving self-control)
- Memory Match (for strengthening working memory)
- Board games like Connect 4 (for building problem-solving skills)
Step 5: Teach Problem-Solving Skills
Another important part of executive function is problem-solving. Kids who can identify a problem, think of solutions, and decide the best course of action are on their way to mastering executive function. Teaching problem-solving doesn’t have to be a formal process. In fact, everyday situations provide the perfect opportunities for practice.
For example, if your child can’t find a toy, ask them, “Where did you see it last?” “Could it be under your bed?” You’re encouraging them to think critically and solve problems on their own. When kids learn to approach challenges thoughtfully, they feel more confident and capable of handling difficult situations.
Step 6: Encourage Self-Monitoring and Reflection
Self-monitoring is the ability to assess one’s performance and make adjustments as needed. Helping kids develop this skill involves encouraging them to think about their actions and results. For example, after completing a task, ask, “How do you think that went? Was there anything that could have been done differently?” This not only builds self-awareness but also helps them improve their approach next time.
Self-monitoring can be especially valuable for neurodivergent kids who may struggle with regulating their behavior. By reflecting on their performance and discussing it with you, they learn to recognize when something isn’t working and come up with new strategies for success.
Read more: Identifying Executive Function Disorder (EFD) in Kids
Step 7: Use Positive Reinforcement
Kids respond well to positive reinforcement—who doesn’t love a little praise? Whether it’s a sticker chart, verbal praise, or an extra five minutes of screen time, reinforcing your child’s efforts helps them understand that they are making progress. When they see that their hard work leads to positive outcomes, they’ll be more motivated to continue working on their executive function skills.
This is particularly important for neurodivergent kids who might face more challenges than their peers. Positive reinforcement acknowledges their efforts and gives them a sense of accomplishment. Over time, this consistent feedback can help them build stronger executive functioning skills and greater self-confidence.
Goally | Apps To Structure Your Kid’s Routine
Does your child struggle with transitions or staying on task? Goally’s visual schedule app breaks down large tasks into small, achievable steps. It helps kids complete their tasks independently!
Create custom routines with your own videos & pictures for every step. The steps come in small, bite-sized pieces to help your child learn the little fundamentals (like putting the toothpaste on their toothbrush!) to achieve bigger goals. And that’s just the beginning.
Helping your child improve their executive function is all about consistency, patience, and encouragement. By creating routines, breaking down tasks, using visual aids, and offering positive reinforcement, you’ll equip them with the skills to stay focused, manage time, and solve problems effectively. With these steps, you’ll see gradual progress that makes a big difference in their day-to-day life.
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FAQs About How To Improve Executive Function
What is executive function, and why is it important? Executive function refers to a set of cognitive skills that help us manage our thoughts, actions, and emotions. It's crucial for success in school, work, and daily life.
What are some signs of poor executive function? Poor executive function can manifest in a variety of ways, such as difficulty with planning, organization, time management, impulse control, and working memory.
How can parents help their children improve executive function? Parents can help their children improve executive function by providing structure, setting goals, breaking tasks into smaller steps, encouraging self-reflection, and modeling good executive function skills.
What are some effective strategies for improving executive function in children? Effective strategies for improving executive function in children include mindfulness exercises, physical exercise, brain training games, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Are there any foods or supplements that can improve executive function? While there is no magic food or supplement that can improve executive function on its own, a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits and vegetables, and lean proteins can support brain health and function.
This post was originally published on 02/28/2022. It was updated on 02/21/2025.
Hennah is an experienced writer and researcher, helping children with autism, ADHD, and other neurodivergent conditions. As a blog contributor for Goally, she combines her deep understanding of neurodiversity with practical advice, offering valuable insights to parents and educators.
