What Is the Difference Between ADD and ADHD?

Working with neurodivergent children, I frequently encounter questions from parents about ADD and ADHD. Understanding the difference between Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is essential for supporting these incredible kids. ADD and ADHD involve patterns of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that affect daily functioning or development. While ADD is an older term initially used for cases without hyperactive symptoms, it’s now subsumed under the broader ADHD diagnosis, with inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined presentations.

ADD and ADHD: What Do They Mean?

First, let’s learn what these terms mean. ADD stands for Attention Deficit Disorder, while ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Both conditions relating to kids with thinking and learning differences. The most significant difference between the two is that ADHD includes hyperactivity.

ADD: When Focus is a Challenge

Kids with ADD often have trouble paying attention and staying focused. They might find it hard to follow instructions and organize their thoughts. They might seem forgetful or easily distracted like they’re always daydreaming. But these kids usually don’t show hyperactive or impulsive behaviors.

Key features of ADD include:

• Trouble paying attention
• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
• Forgetfulness
• Easily distracted
• Hard time following instructions

But don’t worry! There are ways to help kids with ADD. One helpful strategy is to break tasks into smaller, simpler steps. This can make it easier for them to stay focused and organized. For example, instead of asking your child to clean their room, give specific instructions like “pick up the toys” or “put away the clothes.”

ADHD: When Energy is Overflowing

Kids with ADHD also have problems with attention and focus, but they also show hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. They might find it hard to sit still, interrupt others during conversations, or act without thinking about what might happen.

Key features of ADHD include:

• Trouble paying attention
• Hyperactivity (like fidgeting or difficulty sitting still)
• Impulsivity (like interrupting or acting without thinking)
• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
• Forgetfulness

Helping kids with ADHD can be a bit different from helping those with ADD. For example, you might need to find ways for them to burn off extra energy. Encourage them to take breaks and move around during the day. This can help them focus better when it’s time to sit down and work.

Why Do People Mix Up ADD and ADHD?

There is significant confusion about these two conditions because our understanding of them has evolved over time. Previously, ADD and ADHD were considered separate issues. Now, experts recognize them as part of a spectrum of conditions that vary in levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Today, the official term used by mental health professionals is ADHD.

There are three subtypes to describe the different experiences of neurodivergent kids:

1. ADHD, predominantly inattentive presentation (used to be ADD)
2. ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
3. ADHD, combined presentation (a mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms)

Helping Your Child: Tips for Success

Now that you know what the difference between ADD and ADHD is, let’s talk about some ways to help your child do their best.

Stick to a Routine

Both kids with ADD and those with ADHD do better with routines and clear expectations. Having daily routines for things like homework, meals, and bedtime can make life more predictable and stable.

To create a routine, try these steps:

1. Make a list of daily tasks and activities.
2. Organize the tasks in a logical order.
3. Set specific times for each task.
4. Stick to the routine as much as possible.
5. Adjust the routine as needed to fit your child’s needs.

Make Tasks Easier

We already mentioned breaking tasks into smaller, simpler steps for kids with ADD. This strategy can also help kids with ADHD. By making tasks easier, you can help your child stay focused and organized. Providing clear instructions and setting achievable goals are crucial elements in this process. Additionally, incorporating regular breaks and using visual aids can make the tasks more manageable and less overwhelming for the child. Consistent positive reinforcement and encouragement can further create a supportive environment where the child feels motivated and confident in their ability to complete tasks.

Celebrate Success

Positive reinforcement helps your child feel good about themselves and stay motivated. Praise their successes, even small ones, and encourage them when they face challenges. This can be as simple as saying, “Great job!” or giving them a high-five.

Get Professional Help

If you think your child might have ADD or ADHD, talk to a mental health professional for a complete evaluation and personalized advice. Getting help early can make a big difference in your child’s life.

Understanding the difference between ADD and ADHD is just the start of your journey as a parent of a neurodivergent child. By learning more and getting support, you can help your child face their unique challenges and reach their full potential. Remember, every child is different, and embracing these differences is important for creating a bright future for all kids. So, let’s work together to support our amazing kids and help them shine!

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FAQs About the Difference Between ADD and ADHD

What is ADD?
ADD, or Attention Deficit Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in attention and concentration.

What is ADHD?
ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is similar to ADD but also includes persistent patterns of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

What is the main difference between ADD and ADHD?
The key difference between ADD and ADHD is the presence of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD. ADD is generally characterized by inattention alone.

How are ADD and ADHD diagnosed?
ADD and ADHD are typically diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes interviews, behavior rating scales, and direct observation.

Can someone have both ADD and ADHD?
No, a person can't have both ADD and ADHD. ADD is considered an outdated term, and its symptoms are now encompassed within the broader diagnosis of ADHD, which includes primarily inattentive, primarily hyperactive/impulsive, and combined types.

This post was originally published on 04/22/2023. It was updated on 07/03/2024.