Have you ever watched your kid avoid a crowded playground or meltdown at the sound of a vacuum? While we all experience the world uniquely through our senses, some kids struggle to make sense of the constant flow of sensory information. This leads to behaviors and reactions that might seem puzzling or over-the-top to us but are very real for them. Sensory issues can impact many areas of a child’s life, and understanding the potential causes is a step toward finding solutions. The exact cause of sensory processing disorder (SPD) is unknown. However, research suggests that SPD may be genetic, and some doctors believe that there could be a link between autism and SPD.
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What causes sensory issues?
As mentioned above, the specific cause of sensory issues and SPD remains a puzzle for researchers. However, several factors are believed to contribute to a child’s risk of developing sensory processing challenges. Let’s explore some of them:
Genetic Predisposition
Studies indicate that SPD can run in families, implying a genetic component. If someone in your family has sensory processing difficulties, your child might be more susceptible as well. Of course, having a relative with SPD does not guarantee your child will have it – it simply increases the possibility.
Neurological Differences
Brain scans and research reveal potential differences in the brain’s wiring and processing of information in children with SPD. Specific brain regions appear to be under or overactive, hindering their ability to efficiently integrate sensory input.
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Other factors that may contribute to SPD include:
- Prenatal complications: Low birth weight, premature birth, parental stress, alcohol or drug consumption during pregnancy
- Extrinsic factors: Maternal deprivation, prenatal malnutrition, early institutional care, frequent bundling of a child, infrequent handling and interaction, and propping up bottles for feeding Repeated ear infections before age 2 May increase the risk factor.
Spotting the Signs
Identifying sensory issues can be tricky, especially in younger kids. They might not always have the words to describe their feelings or pinpoint what bothers them. Here are some signs to watch for:
Hypersensitivity (Over-Responsiveness)
Intense reactions to everyday sounds (e.g., vacuum cleaners, blenders, school bell) Aversion to touch and certain textures (e.g., clothing tags, sand, hugs) Picky eating due to food sensitivities Difficulty with bright lights or crowds Easily distracted and overwhelmed
Read more: What are the Signs of Sensory Processing Disorder?
Hyposensitivity (Under-Responsiveness)
Constant need for movement (e.g., fidgeting, rocking, spinning) High pain tolerance Craving intense sensory input (e.g., roughhousing, loud music) Difficulty understanding body position in space
Table Explaining Sensory Issues
Here’s a table outlining the common sensitivities related to each sense:
| Sense | Potential Oversensitivities | Potential Undersensitivities |
|---|---|---|
| Sight | Bright lights, busy visual environments | Dim light, difficulty with visual discrimination (e.g., puzzles) |
| Sound | Everyday noises (vacuum, loud music, etc.) | Difficulty registering sounds seems not to hear you |
| Touch | Light touch, certain textures, clothing | Craving rough play, deep pressure, high pain tolerance |
| Taste | Strong flavors, specific food textures | Bland food preferences, constant need for intense flavors |
| Smell | Overpowering smells | Difficulty detecting smells may sniff objects closely |
| Vestibular (Balance) | Movement, spinning, heights | Craves spinning, rocking, excessive movement |
| Proprioception (Body Awareness) | Clumsiness, bumping into things | Heavy-handedness, unaware of own strength |
Helping your Kid Thrive
If you suspect your child is struggling with sensory issues, seeking professional help is crucial. Occupational therapists specialize in evaluating and treating sensory processing differences. They can create a personalized plan to help your kid cope more effectively.
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While the root causes of sensory issues may still be somewhat mysterious, understanding potential contributing factors can be empowering to families. By being aware of the signs and recognizing your child’s unique sensory needs, you can provide appropriate support and create an environment where your child can thrive.
Credible Sources for Further Information:
- Understood.org: Provides in-depth articles on sensory processing issues, practical tips for parents, and resources for support.
- Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation: Offers research updates, educational materials, and information on finding qualified therapists.
- The American Occupational Therapy Association: Provides information about occupational therapists’ role in addressing sensory integration challenges and resources for parents.
FAQ’s About What Causes Sensory Issues in Kids
What are sensory issues? Sensory issues refer to difficulties in how a person processes information from their senses (sight, sound, touch, etc.). This can cause them to experience everyday sensations differently, sometimes feeling overwhelmed or underwhelmed. What are some signs of sensory issues in children? Children with sensory issues might be extremely sensitive to sounds, textures, or lights. They may also seem clumsy, crave intense movement, or have difficulty with social interactions. Are sensory issues and Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) the same thing? While sensory issues are a common feature of SPD, not everyone with sensory sensitivities has a diagnosis of SPD. Sensory issues can also be related to other conditions like autism or ADHD. Can sensory issues be treated? Occupational therapy can be incredibly helpful for children with sensory issues. Therapists work with the child to develop strategies to manage sensory input and improve their ability to function in daily life.
Emily is a seasoned blog writer for Goally, leveraging her extensive background in child psychology and special education to provide valuable insights and resources for parents. Her commitment to understanding and addressing the unique needs of these children, combined with her expertise in educational strategies, makes her a credible and empathetic voice for families.
